Mos Def & Talib Kweli are Black Star was released on August 18, 1998, to critical acclaim. The title is a reference to the Black Star Line, a shipping company founded by Pan-Africanist Marcus Garvey. The album deals with modern-day issues, philosophies and life in Brooklyn.

The two MCs had planned to release solo albums around the same time, but decided instead to collaborate on a full-length album. The first single, "Definition (song)," is a reaction to hip-hop's fascination with death, dedicated to both Tupac Shakur and the Notorious B.I.G., with a chorus that gives a nod to Boogie Down Productions' "Stop the Violence." "Children's Story" is a re-imagination of the Slick Rick original, featuring Mos Def cautioning against materialism. The album peaked at No. 53 on the Billboard 200 and No. 13 on the Hip-Hop Albums chart, but has become considered a classic since then. The underground classic, Mos Def & Talib Kweli are Black Star, has been reissued on a limited edition two-tone black-on-black picture disc.